ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The Paradox of Infectious Diseases in India Kumarakom-a Hidden Gem
https://www.ijtmgh.com/article_33290_bdb3629747a98f8829987fe0a7576eed.pdf
2014-09-01
91
91
Suresh
Antony
suresh.antony@att.net
1
School of Medicine and Center for Infectious Diseases and Travel Medicine, Texas Tech University, El Paso, USA
LEAD_AUTHOR
Chugh TD. Emerging and re-emerging bacterial diseases in India. Journal of Biosciences. 2008;33(4):549-55.
1
Deccan Chronicle. Infectious diseases on the prowl in Kerala. Friday Aug 29th, 2014.
2
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Focused Journals in Travel Medicine; A Valuable Chance for Developing Countries!
https://www.ijtmgh.com/article_33291_0517968f11217c6f8f5cc9c393f54cf4.pdf
2014-09-01
93
94
Mahyar
Mohammadi-Fard
1
Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
AUTHOR
Amin
Saburi
aminsaburi@yahoo.com
2
Health Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Velayati A, Saburi A. travel medicine as an important aspect of global health; much still need to be done. Int J Travel Med Glob Health. 2014;1(1):1-2.
1
Aimee Lee Ball. A brief history of travel medicine. Available at: http://www.departures.com/articles/a-brief-history-of-travel-medicine
2
http://www.istm.org/content.asp?contentid=28
3
Journal of Travel Medicine. Available at: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1111/%28ISSN%291708-8305
4
Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease. Available at: http://www.travelmedicinejournal.com/
5
Travel Medicine News. Available at: http://www.istm.org/newsshare
6
Tropical Diseases, Travel Medicine and Vaccines. Available at: http://www.tdtmvjournal.com/
7
Steffen R, DuPont HL. Travel medicine: what's that?. Journal of Travel Medicine. 1994;1:1-3.
8
Hill DR, Ericsson CD, Pearson RD, Keystone JS, Freedman DO, Kozarsky PE, et al. The practice of travel medicine: guidelines by the infectious diseases society of America. Clin Infect Dis. 2006;43(12):1499-539.
9
American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. Available at: http://www.ajtmh.org/
10
Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. Available at: http://trstmh.oxfordjournals.org/
11
Philip Stevens. Diseases of poverty and the 10/90 Gap. International Policy Network, 2004. Available at: http://www.who.int/intellectualproperty/submissions/InternationalPolicyNetwork.pdf
12
Trouiller P, Olliaro P, Torreele E, Orbinski J, Laing R, Ford N. Drug development for neglected diseases: a deficient market and a public-health policy failure. Lancet. 2002 Jun 22;359(9324):2188-94.
13
Trouiller P, Torreele E, Olliaro P, White N, Foster S, Wirth D, Pécoul B. Drugs for neglected diseases: a failure of the market and a public health failure?. Trop Med Int Health. 2001 Nov;6(11):945-51.
14
Millet P. Status of research and development for control of tropical diseases: hypocrisy, indifference or lack of coordination. Med Trop (Mars). 2006 Dec;66(6):542-8.
15
Morel CM, Acharya T, Broun D, Dangi A, Elias C, Ganguly NK, et al. Health innovation networks to help developing countries address neglected diseases. Science. 2005 Jul 15;309(5733):401-4.
16
Stirner B. Stimulating research and development of pharmaceutical products for neglected diseases. Eur J Health Law. 2008 Dec;15(4):391-409.
17
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
A Closer Look to the Most Frequent Travelers’ Disease: A Systematic Update on Travelers’ Diarrhea
The present study, wants to highlight and review the most prevalent disease amongst travelers. In the current review, an updated review regarding epidemiology, involved pathogens, and a brief review of current evidence-based guidelines for prevention and treatment of this disease are provided. A distinguishing feature of the current review is the discussion of the impacts of irritable bowel syndrome, as one of the most prevalent gastrointestinal diseases, on travelers’ diarrhea pattern. Moreover, evidence-based data was the primary source for all parts of the current study. A recent review of GeoSentinel Surveillance Network database, with a very large sample size was the basis for epidemiologic appraisals.
https://www.ijtmgh.com/article_33292_3d4e8c7c6bfefd8216911ba4ae87fe0e.pdf
2014-09-01
95
99
Traveler’s diarrhea
review
Epidemiology
Evidence-Based
Management
Morteza
Izadi
morteza_izadi@yahoo.com
1
Health Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Afshin
Sadepur
afshin_sa86@yahoo.com
2
Health Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
DuPont HL, Khan FM. Travelers’ diarrhea: epidemiology, microbiology, prevention, and therapy. J Travel Med 1994;1:84–93.
1
Pitzinger B, Steffen R, Tschopp A. Incidence and clinical features of traveler’s diarrhea in infants and children. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1991; 10:719–723.
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Peltola H, Kyronseppa H, Holsa P. Trips to the south—a health hazard. Morbidity of Finnish travelers. Scand J Infect Dis 1983;15:375–81.
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Castelli F, Pezzoli C, Tomasoni L. Epidemiology of travelers’ diarrhea. J Travel Med. 2001;8:S26– S30.
4
Steffen R, van der Linde F, Gyr K, Schar M. Epidemiology of diarrhea in travelers. JAMA. 1983;249:1176–80.
5
Ericsson CD, DuPont HL. Travelers’ diarrhea: approaches to prevention and treatment. Clin Infect Dis. 1993;16:616–24.
6
Kollaritsch H. Traveler’s diarrhea among Austrian tourists in warm climate countries: I. Epidemiology. Eur J Epidemiol. 1989;5:74–81.
7
Steffen R. Epidemiologic studies of travelers’ diarrhea, severe gastrointestinal infections, and cholera. Rev Infect Dis. 1986;8(Suppl 2):S122–S130.
8
von Sonnenburg F, Tornieporth N, Waiyaki P, Lowe B, Peruski LF Jr, DuPont HL, et al. Risk and etiology of diarrhea at various tourist destinations. Lancet. 2000; 356:133–4.
9
Steffen R. Epidemiology of travelers’ diarrhea. Scand J Gastroenterol Supp. 1983; 84:5–17.
10
Steffen R, Tonieporth N, Clemens SAC, Chatterjee S, Cavalcanti AM, Collard F, et al. Epidemiology of travelers’ diarrhea: details of a global survey. J Travel Med. 2004;11:231–7.
11
Steffen R. Epidemiology of traveler’s diarrhea. Clin Infect Dis. 2005; 41:S536–S540.
12
Ahlm C, Lundberg S, Fesse K, Wistrom J. Health problems and self-medication among Swedish travelers. Scand J Infect Dis. 1994; 26:711–7.
13
Hill DR. Occurrence and self-treatment of diarrhea in a large cohort of Americans traveling to developing countries. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2000; 62:585–9.
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Cobelens FG, Leentvaar-Kuijpers A, Kleijnen J, Coutinho RA. Incidence and risk factors of diarrhoea in Dutch travellers: consequences for priorities in pre-travel health advice. Trop Med Int Health. 1998; 3:896–903.
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Hachiya M, Kikuchi H, Mizoue T. Descriptive epidemiology of travel-associated diarrhea based on surveillance data at Narita International Airport. J Travel Med. 2010 Mar-Apr;17(2):105-10.
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JTB report 2006. All about Japanese overseas travelers, 2006. Japan Tourism Marketing Co., 2006.
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Market insight. Nihonjin Kaigai Ryoko Shijo no Doko. (in Japanese) Tokyo: Zaidan Hojin Nihon Kotsu Kosha, 2006.
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Evans MR, Shickle D, Morgan MZ. Travel illness in British package holiday tourists: prospective cohort study. J Infect. 2001; 43:140–7.
19
Redman CA, MacLennan A, Wilson E, Walker E. Diarrhea and respiratory symptoms among travelers to Asia, Africa, and south and central America from Scotland. J Travel Med. 2006;13:203–211.
20
Kollaritsch H. Traveler’s diarrhea among Austrian tourists in warm climate countries: I. Epidemiology. Eur J Epidemiol. 1989;5:74–81.
21
Ekdahl K, de Jong B, Andersson Y. Risk of travel- associated typhoid and paratyphoid fevers in various regions. J Travel Med. 2005;12:197–204.
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Drossman DA, Camilleri M, Mayer EA, Whitehead WE, 2002. AGA technical review on irritable bowel syndrome. Gastro- enterology. 123: 2108–31.
23
Hungin AP, Chang L, Locke GR, Dennis EH, Barghout V. Irritable bowel syndrome in the United States: prevalence, symptom patterns and impact. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2005;21:1365–75.
24
DuPont AW. Post-infectious irritable bowel syndrome. Curr Gastroenterol Rep. 2007;9:378–84.
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Neal KR, Barker L, Spiller RC. Prognosis in post-infective irritable bowel syndrome: a six year follow up study. Gut. 2002;51:410–13.
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Parry S, Forgacs I. Intestinal infection and irritable bowel syndrome. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2005;17:5–9.
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Taylor DN, Bourgeois AL, Ericsson CD, Steffen R, Jiang ZD, Halpern J, Haake R, DuPont HL. A randomized, double- blind, multicenter study of rifaximin compared with placebo and with ciprofloxacin in the treatment of travelers’ diarrhea. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2006;74:1060–6
28
Connor BA. Sequelae of traveler’s diarrhea: focus on postinfectious irritable bowel syndrome. Clin Infect Dis. 2005;41(Suppl 8): S577–S586.
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Okhuysen PC, Jiang ZD, Carlin L, Forbes C, DuPont HL. Post-diarrhea chronic intestinal symptoms and irritable bowel syndrome in North American travelers to Mexico. Am J Gastroenterol. 2004;99:1774–8.
30
Törnblom H, Holmvall P, Svenungsson B, Lindberg G. Gastrointestinal symptoms after infectious diarrhea: a five-year follow-up in a Swedish cohort of adults. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2007;5:461–4.
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32
Peltola H, Kyronseppa H, Holsa P. Trips to the South e a health hazard. Morbidity of Finnish travellers. Scand J Infect Dis. 1983;15(4):375e81.
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34
Jiang ZD, Lowe B, Verenkar MP, Ashley D, Steffen R, Tornieporth N, et al. Prevalence of enteric pathogens among international travelers with diarrhea acquired in Kenya (Mombasa), India (Goa), or Jamaica (Montego Bay). J Infect Dis. 2002 Feb 15;185(4):497e502.
35
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Adachi JA, Ostrosky Zeichner L, DuPont HL, Ericsson CD. Empirical antimicrobial therapy for traveler’s diarrhea. Clin Infect Dis. 2000; 31:1079–83.
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Adachi JA, Ericsson CD, Jiang ZD, DuPont MW, Martinez-Sandoval F, Knirsch C, et al. Azithromycin found to be comparable to levofloxacin for the treatment of US travelers with acute diarrhea acquired in Mexico. Clin Infect Dis. 2003;37:1165–71.
46
Stauffer WM, Konop RJ, Kamat D. Traveling with infants and young children. Part III: travelers’ diarrhea. J Travel Med. 2002;9:141–50.
47
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Treatment of Osteopenic Menopause Women as a Public Health Problem with Nasal Calcitonin; an Original Study on Follow up Markers
Introduction: Various therapeutic options such as Calcitonin are suggested for patients with low bone density. However, the efficacy remains uncertain in all patients. C-telopeptide of type I collagen (CTx) is the authentic bone marker which is recently used to assess the bone turnover. This study aimed at revealing the therapeutic effects of Calcitonin on osteopenic women via serum CTx and assessment of other biochemical markers.
Methods: we conducted a before-after clinical trial on menopause women with low bone mineral density (bone mineral density score less than 1.5 SD of peak bone mass) attending Baqiyatallah hospital clinic. They received 200 IU Calcitonin nasal spray, calcium (1000 mg) and vitamin D (400 IU). Then the serum CTx and other laboratory parameters were compared after a 6 months treatment. The data was analyzed using SPSS ver.16, paired T-test and regression model.
Results: The study population included 115 menopause women with the mean age of 58.75 ± 8.15 years. The CTx amount decreased significantly compared with that of the baseline level (3.203 ± 2.24 vs. 2.497 ± 1.657 Pmol/lit, P <0.001). Also, Bone Mineral Densitometry of spine increased significantly from 0.834±0.112 to 0.852±0.122 (P =0.003). Serum levels of PTH, Ca, AST, ALT and alkaline phosphatase total had also changed insignificantly (P >0.05).
Conclusion: Nasal spray of Calcitonin could be effective on the progression of osteoporosis by decreasing bone tissue turnover and improving the bone density. Further controlled-studies with a larger sample size and a longer duration of follow up are recommended.
https://www.ijtmgh.com/article_33293_0faa4217d0c89f33b1bfd991adbf8016.pdf
2014-09-01
101
105
Bone Density
Osteoporosis
Calcitonin
Biological Markers
Bita
Najafian
1
Pediatrics Department, Faculty of Medicine, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Majid
Shohrati
2
Chemical Injuries Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Amin
Saburi
aminsaburi@yahoo.com
3
Pediatrics Department, Faculty of Medicine, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Zahra
Abbasi
4
Tehran Medical Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Gholam-Hossein
Alishiri
5
Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Noushin
Bayat
md.researcher@yahoo.com
6
Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Genant H, Cooper C, Poor G, Reid I, Ehrlich G, Kanis J, et al. Interim report and recommendation of the World Health Organization task-force for the osteoporosis. Osteoporos Int. 1999;10(4):259-64.
1
Ofluoglu D, Karadag-Saygi E, Canbulat C, Hakan Gunduz O, KUL-Panza E, Akyuz G. Early effect of nasal salmon calcitonin on the bone marker Crosslaps. Rheumatol Int. 2006;26(4):288-91.
2
Weiss M, Ben-Shlomo A, Hagag P, Rapoport M. Reference database for bone speed of sound measurement by novel quantitative multi-site ultrasound device. Osteoporos Int. 2000;11(8):688-96.
3
M.Blake G, Fogelman I. Bone densitometry and the diagnosis of osteoporosis. Seminars in Nuclear Medicine. 2001;31(1):69-81.
4
Kanis J, Delmas P, Burckhardt P, Cooper C, Torgerson D. Guidelines for diagnosis and management of osteoporosis. The European Foundation for Osteoporosis and Bone Disease. Osteoporos Int. 1997;7(4):390-406.
5
Brown J, Josse R, Scientific Advisory Council of the Osteoporosis Society of Canada. 2002 clinical practice guidelines for the diagnosis and management of osteoporosis in Canada. CMAJ 2002;12(167(10 Suppl)):S1-34.
6
Herrmann M, Seibel M. The amino- and carboxyterminal cross-linked telopeptides of collagen type I, NTX-I and CTX-I: A comparative review. Clinica Chimica Acta. 2008;393(2):57-75.
7
Chesnut C, Silverman S, Andriano K, Genant H, Gimona A, Harris S, et al. A randomized trial of nasal spray salmon calcitonin in postmenopausal women with established osteoporosis: the Prevent Recurrence of Osteoporotic Fractures Study. PROOF Study Group. Am J Med. 2000;109(4):267-76.
8
Huusko T, Karppi P, Kautiainen H, Suominen H, Avikainen V, Sulkava R. Randomized, double-blind, clinically controlled trial of intranasal calcitonin treatment in patients with hip fracture. Calcif Tissue Int. 2002;71(6):478-84.
9
Trovas G, Lyritis G, Galanos A, Raptou P, Constantelou E. A randomized trial of nasal spray salmon calcitonin in men with idiopathic osteoporosis: effects on bone mineral density and bone markers. J Bone Miner Res. 2002;17(3):521-7.
10
Ellerington M, Hillard T, Whitcroft S, Marsh M, Lees B, Banks L, et al. Intranasal salmon calcitonin for the prevention and treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis. Calcif Tissue Int. 1996;59:6-11.
11
Srivastava AK, Libanati C, Hohmann O, Kriegman A, Baylink DJ. Acute effects of calcitonin nasal spray on serum C-telopeptide of type 1 collagen (CTx) levels in elderly osteopenic women with increased bone turnover. Calcif Tissue Int. 2004;75(6):477-81.
12
Patni R. Normal BMD values for Indian females aged 20-80 years. J Midlife Health. 2010;1(2):70-3.
13
Acharya S, Srivastava A, Sen IB. Osteoporosis in Indian women aged 40–60 years. Arch Osteoporos. 2010;5:83-9.
14
Sanchez-Riera L, Wilson N, Kamalaraj N, Nolla JM, Kok C, Li Y, et al. Osteoporosis and fragility fractures. Best Practice & Research Clinical Rheumatology. 2010;24(6):793-810.
15
Brixen K, Abrahamsen B, Kassem M. Prevention and treatment of osteoporosis in women. Current Obstetrics & Gynaecology. 2005;15:251-8.
16
Bliuc D, Nguyen N, Milch V, Nguyen TV, Eisman JA, Center JR. Mortality risk associated with low-trauma osteoporotic fracture and subsequent fracture in men and women. JAMA. 2009;301(5):513-21.
17
Nguyen N, Center J, Eisman J, Nguyen T. Bone loss, weight loss, and weight fluctuation predict mortality risk in elderly men and women. J Bone Miner Res. 2007;22(8):1147-54.
18
Mehta N, Malootian A, Gilligan J. Calcitonin for osteoporosis and bone pain. Curr Pharm Des. 2003;9(32):2659-76.
19
Delmas P, Eastell R, Garnero P, Seibel MJ, Stepan J; Committee of Scientific Advisors of the International Osteoporosis Foundation. The use of biochemical markers of bone turnover in osteoporosis. Committee of Scientific Advisors of the International Osteoporosis Foundation. Osteoporos Int. 2000;11 Suppl 6:S2-17.
20
Wekre LL, Eriksen EF, Falch JA. Bone mass, bone markers and prevalence of fractures in adults with osteogenesis imperfecta. Arch Osteoporos. 2011;6(1-2):31-8.
21
Tankó L, Bagger Y, Alexandersen P, Devogelaer J, Reginster J, Chick R, et al. Safety and efficacy of a novel salmon calcitonin (sCT) technology-based oral formulation in healthy postmenopausal women: acute and 3-month effects on biomarkers of bone turnover. J Bone Miner Res. 2004;19(9):1531-8.
22
Kaskani E, Lyritis G, Kosmidis C, Galanos A, Andypas G, Chorianopoulos K, et al. Effect of intermittent administration of 200 IU intranasal salmon calcitonin and low doses of 1alpha (OH) vitamin D3 on bone mineral density of the lumbar spine and hip region and biochemical bone markers in women with postmenopausal osteoporosis: a pilot study. Clin Rheumatol. 2005;24(3):232-8.
23
Bayat N, Shohrati M , Saburi A, Abbasi Z, Alishiri Gh , Najafian B. Effects of calcitonin nasal spray on serum bone resorptive marker CTX and other laboratory findings in osteopenic menopausal women: a clinical trial. Tehran Univ Med J. 2012;70(4):236-41
24
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Race and Ethnic Differences in the Associations between Cardiovascular Diseases, Anxiety, and Depression in the United States
Introduction: Although cardiovascular diseases and psychiatric disorders are linked, it is not yet known if such links are independent of comorbid medical diseases and if these associations depend on race and ethnicity. This study aimed to determine if the associations between cardiovascular diseases with general anxiety disorder (GAD) and major depressive episode (MDE) are independent of comorbid medical diseases and if these links differ among African Americans, Caribbean Blacks, and Non-Hispanic Whites.
Methods: This cross-sectional study enrolled African American, Caribbean Black, and Non-Hispanic White adults who had participated in the National Survey of American Life (NSAL), 2001 - 2003. Data on socio-economics (age, sex, and education level) were collected. Self-reported physician diagnosed cardiovascular diseases (heart disease, atherosclerosis, hypertension, and stroke) and chronic medical conditions (peptic ulcer, cancer, diabetes, liver disease, kidney disease, asthma, other chronic respiratory diseases, sickle cell anemia, and glaucoma) were measured. The 12-month GAD and MDE were measured using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI). Logistic regressions were fitted to data to determine if the associations between cardiovascular diseases and 12-month GAD and 12-month MDE are independent of socio-economic status and comorbid chronic medical diseases across race and ethnic groups.
Results: Above and beyond other medical conditions, heart disease and atherosclerosis were associated with 12-month GAD among Caribbean Blacks, but not African Americans or non-Hispanic Whites. Hypertension was associated with 12-month MDE among African Americans, and heart disease was associated with 12-month MDE among Caribbean Blacks. None of the cardiovascular diseases were associated with 12-month MDE among non-Hispanic Whites, while all the other medical conditions were controlled.
Conclusion: Our study showed race and ethnicity may be associated with specific patterns of comorbidity between cardiovascular diseases and 12-month MDE and GAD. By other words, the link between psychiatric disorders and cardiovascular diseases may depend on race and ethnicity. More research is needed to explore the behavioral and mental health profile of individuals with heart disease based on race and ethnicity. Race and ethnicity should inform mental health evaluation of patients with cardiovascular diseases.
https://www.ijtmgh.com/article_33294_0fe60137262316672cbbe98ae64b0b5e.pdf
2014-09-01
107
113
Race
ethnicity
Anxiety
depression
Cardiovascular disease
Chronic Medical Conditions
Shervin
Assari
assari@umich.edu
1
Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
LEAD_AUTHOR
Maryam
Moghani Lankarani
2
Center for Research on Ethnicity, Culture and Health (CRECH), School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
AUTHOR
Heidenreich PA, Trogdon JG, Khavjou OA, Butler J, Dracup K, Ezekowitz MD, et al., Forecasting the future of cardiovascular disease in the United States: a policy statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2011;123(8):933-44.
1
Steinwachs DM, Collins-Nakai RL, Cohn LH, Garson A Jr, Wolk MJ. The future of cardiology: utilization and costs of care. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2000;35(suppl B):91B-8.
2
Kochanek KD, Xu JQ, Murphy SL, Miniño AM, Kung HC. Deaths: final data for 2009. Natl Vital Stat Rep. 2011;60(3):1-116.
3
Trogdon JG, Finkelstein EA, Nwaise IA, Tangka FK, Orenstein D. The economic burden of chronic cardiovascular disease for major insurers. Health Promot Pract. 2007;8:234-42.
4
Lloyd-Jones D, Adams RJ, Brown TM, Carnethon M, Dai S, De Simone G, et al. Heart disease and stroke statistics—2010 update: a report from the American Heart Association [published correction appears in Circulation. 2010;121:e260]. Circulation. 2010; 121:e46-e215.
5
Cohen JW, Krauss NA. Spending and service use among people with the fifteen most costly medical conditions, 1997. Health Aff (Millwood). 2003;22:129-38.
6
Roehrig C, Miller G, Lake C, Bryant J. National health spending by medical condition, 1996–2005. Health Aff (Millwood). 2009;28:w358-67.
7
Frasure-Smith N, Lespérance F. Recent evidence linking coronary heart disease and depression. Can J Psychiatry. 2006;51:730-7.
8
Suls J, Bunde J. Anger, anxiety, and depression as risk factors for cardiovascular disease: the problems and implications of overlapping affective dispositions. Psychol Bull. 2005 Mar;131(2):260-300.
9
May HT, Horne BD, Carlquist JF, Sheng X, Joy E, Catinella AP. Depression after coronary artery disease is associated with heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2009;53:1440-7.
10
Whang W, Kubzansky LD, Kawachi I, et al.Depression and risk of sudden cardiac death and coronary heart disease in women: results from the Nurses’ Health Study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2009;53:950–8.
11
Krantz DS, Whittaker KS, Francis JL, Krantz DS, Whittaker KS, Francis JL, et al. Psychotropic medication use and risk of adverse cardiovascular events in women with suspected coronary artery disease: outcomes from the Women’s Ischemia Syndrome Evaluation (WISE) study. Heart. 2009;95:1901-6.
12
Bayat N, Alishiri GH, Salimzadeh A, Izadi M, Kazemi Saleh D, Moghani Lankarani M, Assari S Symptoms of anxiety and depression: A comparison among patients with different chronic conditions J Res Med Sci. 2011;16(11):1441-7
13
Sprangers MA, de Regt EB, Andries F, van Agt HM, Bijl RV, de Boer JB, Foets M, Hoeymans N, Jacobs AE, Kempen GI, Miedema HS, Tijhuis MA, de Haes HC. Which chronic conditions are associated with better or poorer quality of life? J Clin Epidemiol. 2000 Sep;53(9):895-907.
14
Fisher L, Laurencin G, Chesla CA, Skaff MM, Mullan JT, Gardiner PS, Chun KM. Depressive affect among four with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Spectrum. 2004;17(4):215-24.
15
Ferraro KF, Farmer M. Double Jeopardy in Health Hypothesis for African Americans: Analysis and Critique. J Health Social Behavior. 1996;51B(6):S319-28
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Haarasilta L, Marttunen M, Kaprio J, Aro H. Major depressive episode and health care use among adolescents and young adults. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 2003;38(7):366-8.
17
Levenson JL. Psychosocial interventions in chronic medical illness. An overview of outcome research. Gen Hosp Psychiatry. 1992; 14(6 Suppl):43S-9S.
18
Moussavi S, Chatterji S, Verdes E, Tandon A, Patel V, Ustun B. Depression, chronic diseases, and decrements in health: results from the World Health Surveys. Lancet. 2007;370:851-8.
19
Gladis MM, Gosch EA, Dishuk NM, Crits-Christoph P. Quality of life: expanding the scope of clinical significance. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1999;67(3):320-31.
20
DiMatteo MR, Lepper HS, Croghan TW. Depression is a risk factor for noncompliance with medical treatment: meta-analysis of the effects of anxiety and depression on patient adherence. Arch Intern Med. 2000; 160(14):2101-7.
21
Wells KB, Stewart A, Hays RD, Burnam MA, Rogers W, Daniels M, et al. The functioning and well-being of depressed patients. Results from the Medical Outcomes Study. JAMA. 1989;262(7):914-9.
22
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92
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The Relationship between Social Capital and Nurses’ Performance in Hospitals of Mashhad City, Iran
Introduction: One of the most important issues that managers are facing is the improvement of their staffs’ performance that could improve and increase the productivity of the organization. This study was performed with the purpose of determining the relation between social capital and the nurses’ performance in the Hospitals of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences.
Methods: This is an applied and Cross-sectional study performed in 2012. The statistical population included 320 employed nurses of the hospitals of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences. Data were collected using social capital measuring questionnaires designed by the author. The questionnaires were scientifically confirmed and had the Reliability of 84% using Cronbach’s Alpha Test. Data were analyzed using the Spearman test.
Results: A significant and direct relationship was found between social capital and 5 of its components (social participation, mutual trust and reciprocity, social networks and perception of the environment) and nurses performance in the mentioned hospitals (p<0.001).
Conclusion: managers can improve their staff’s performance and their motivations by recognizing and developing the social capital. Therefore it is suggested that efforts should be made in improving the components of social capital in hospitals, which are one of the most important organizations in providing services.
https://www.ijtmgh.com/article_33295_0188d0e1bcf56767740646839b1f93c6.pdf
2014-09-01
115
118
Hospitals
Employee Performance Appraisal
Nurses
Iran
Ali
Vafaee-Najar
1
Health Sciences Research Center, Department of Health Management, School of Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Teh-ran, Iran
AUTHOR
Mohammad
Ghasemnejad
m.ghnejad.n@gmail.com
2
School of Management and Economic, Islamic Azad University, Sciences and Research Branch of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Mansooreh
Habibi
3
Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
AUTHOR
Sepehr
Abbasi
4
Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Nazari GH. The role of social capital on labor productivity. Tadbir. 2009;20(202):43-8. [Persian]
1
Ashena M. The relationship between social capital and institutional entrepreneurship in Arak Pars Wagon. [Master’s Thesis]. Tehran: Tehran University; 2005. [Persian]
2
Majedi S, LahsayiZadeh A. Relationship between background variables, social capital and life quality satisfaction: Case Study of Fars Province. Journal of Rural Development. 2006;9:24-32. [Persian]
3
Amirkhani T. Review of social capital development with organizational equity in government organizations. Public Management. 2008;19(1):19-32. [Persian]
4
Tafti M. Align employee performance with organizational strategy. Tadbir. 2008;19(195):22-8. [Persian]
5
Gant J, Ichniowski C, Shaw K. Social capital and organizational change in high-involvement and traditional work organizations. Journal of Economics and Management Strategy. 2002;11(2):289-328.
6
Requena F. Social Capital, satisfaction and quality of life in the workplace. Social Indicator Research. 2003;61(3):331-60.
7
Sadeghighomi Y. Impact of social capital on organizational performance Wagon [Master’s Thesis]. Tehran: Tehran University; 2009. [Persian]
8
Marbagi A. Nursing and midwifery management. [Master’s Thesis]. Tehran: Iran University Medical Sciences; 1995. [Persian]
9
Greve A, Benassi M, Sti AD. Exploring the contributions of human and social capital to productivity. International Review of Sociology–Revue Internationale de Sociologie. 2010;20(1):35-58.
10
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11
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12
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13
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16
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17
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18
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Causes and Results of Eye Removal Surgery in Yazd, Iran
Introduction: Removing eyes has different indications. We surveyed the causes and results of eye removal surgery in Yazd, Iran.
Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the profile of 102 patients who had underwent eye removal surgery for any reason in the Shahid Sadoughi hospital during the last 10 years. The demographic characteristics, causes of enucleation, the interval between an accident and an eye surgery, and postoperative complications were analyzed.
Results: In 102 patients (males, 68.6% and females, 31.4%) most cases were laborers (21.6%).The two most common causes of eye enucleation were trauma (60.9%) and painful blind eye (15.7%). Trauma was the most frequent cause in the age group of ≤20 years old (78.9%) (P-value< 0.001). In 30.4% of the cases, our management was Sympathetic ophthalmia prevention.
Conclusion: The first cause of eye removal surgery in our study was trauma, especially in the young men. To reduce the rate of this surgery, protective proceeding, early diagnosis, and treatment of many diseases will be useful.
https://www.ijtmgh.com/article_33296_b207ddd0555785497d795fcc3ff77b2c.pdf
2014-09-01
119
122
Wounds and Injuries
Eye Enucleation
Ophthalmologic Surgical Procedures
Nasim
Oveisi
1
Geriateric Ophthalmology Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
AUTHOR
Tohid
Emami Meybodi
2
Geriateric Ophthalmology Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
AUTHOR
Mohammad Reza
Besharati
ophth@ssu.ac.ir
3
Geriateric Ophthalmology Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Mohammad Reza
Shoja
4
Geriateric Ophthalmology Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
AUTHOR
Farkhonde Khaleghi
Dehshiri
5
Geriateric Ophthalmology Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
AUTHOR
Elahe
Abbasi Shavazi
6
Geriateric Ophthalmology Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
AUTHOR
Sajad
Besharati
7
Geriateric Ophthalmology Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
AUTHOR
Migliori EM. Enucleation versus evisceration. Curr Opin Ophthalmol 2002;13(5):298-302.
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20