ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Why Can We See a Local Spread of Chikungunya Virus (CHIKV) Infection?
https://www.ijtmgh.com/article_33297_d27de39eea34bb944f78dd3ba0199842.pdf
2014-11-01
119
119
Neha
Alang
nalang@lifespan.org
1
Internal Medicine, Newport Hospital, Newport, USA
LEAD_AUTHOR
Morrison TE. Re-emergence of chikungunya virus. J Virol. 2014 Jul 30. pii: JVI.01432-14.
1
Montero A. [Chikungunya fever - A new global threat.] Med Clin (Barc). 2014 Jul 30. pii: S0025-7753(14)00457-6.
2
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Chikungunya in the Americas. Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/chikungunya/geo/americas.html
3
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Chikungunya virus in the United States. Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/chikungunya/geo/united-states.html
4
CDC-Preparedness and Response for Chikungunya Virus. Introduction in the Americas. Available at: http://www.paho.org/hq/index.php
5
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Health Information for International Travel. New York: Oxford University Press; 2014.
6
Simon F, Parola P, Grandadam M, Fourcade S, Oliver M, Brouqui P, et al. Chikungunya infection: an emerging rheumatism among travelers returned from Indian Ocean islands. Report of 47 cases. Medicine (Baltimore). 2007;86(3):123-37.
7
Briolant S, Garin D, Scaramozzino N, Jouan A, Crance JM. In vitro inhibition of Chikungunya and Semliki Forest viruses' replication by antiviral compounds: synergistic effect of interferon-alpha and ribavirin combination. Antiviral Res. 2004;61(2):111-7.
8
Savarino A, Cauda R, Cassone A. On the use of chloroquine for chikungunya. Lancet Infect Dis. 2007;7(10):633.
9
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
A Business Model to Detect Disease Outbreaks
Introduction: Every year several disease outbreaks, such as influenza-like illnesses (ILI) and other contagious illnesses, impose various costs to public and non-government agencies. Most of these expenses are due to not being ready to handle such disease outbreaks. An appropriate preparation will reduce the expenses. A system that is able to recognize these outbreaks can earn income in two ways: first, selling the predictions to government agencies to equip and make preparations in order to reduce the imposed costs and second, selling predictions to pharmaceutical companies to guide them in producing the required drugs when a disease spreads. This production can specify probable markets to these companies.
Methods: Both earning methods would be considered in this modeling and costs and incomes will be discussed according to basic business models (especially in the health field). To execute this model, the internet is used as a recipient of information from the doctors and the service providers for prediction.
To ensure collaboration of doctors in the data collection process, the amount of money that is paid is proportional to the rate of sending the patients’ information. On the other hand, customers can access outbreak prediction information about a specific illness after payment or subscription of system for monthly periods. All the money transfered in this system would be via online credit systems.
Results: This business model has three main values: recognizing disease outbreaks at the right time, identifying factors and estimating the spreading rate of the disease and, the categorization of customers in this model is based on the value provided including pharmaceutical companies and importers of drugs, the government, insurance companies, universities and research centers. By considering various markets, this model has the ROI of 0.5 which means the investment in it reverses in 6 months.
Conclusion: According to the results, the business model developed in this study, has fair value and is feasible and suitable for the web. This model develops medical information network and proper marketing, earns good profits and the most critical resource of it is the algorithm that detects the disease outbreak which must be properly constructed and used.
https://www.ijtmgh.com/article_33298_43956fb9520fc1300c08dd62185d41c6.pdf
2014-11-01
121
125
Disease Outbreak
Business Coalition Healthcare
Internet
Health Services Availability
Seyed Ali
Lajevardy
1
Faculty of Industrial, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Mehrdad
Kargari
m_kargari@modares.ac.ir
2
Faculty of Industrial, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Babak
Teimourpour
3
Faculty of Industrial, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Siamak
Kargar
4
IT Department, Shariati Hospital, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Cooper GF, Dash DH, Levander JD, Wong W-K, Hogan WR, Wagner M. Bayesian biosurveillance of disease outbreaks. In Proceedings of the 20th conference on Uncertainty in artificial intelligence. AUAI Press. 2004, p.94-103.
1
Widdowson MA, Bosman A, van Straten E, Tinga M, Chaves S, van Eerden L, et al. Automated, laboratory-based system using the Internet for disease outbreak detection, the Netherlands. Emerg Infect Dis. 2003 Sep;9(9):1046-52.
2
Taha M, Achtman M, Alonso J, Greenwood B, Ramsay M, Fox A, et al. Serogroup W135 meningococcal disease in Hajj pilgrims. Lancet. 2000 Dec;356(9248):2159.
3
Dentinger C, Bower A, Nainan O, Cotter S, Myers G, Dubusky L, et al. An outbreak of hepatitis A associated with green onions. J Infect Dis. 2001 Apr;183(8):1273-6.
4
Polanco C, Castañón-González JA, Macías AE, Samaniego JL, Buhse T, Villanueva-Martínez S. Detection of severe respiratory disease epidemic outbreaks by CUSUM-based overcrowd-severe-respiratory-disease-index model. Comput Math Methods Med. 2013;2013:213206.
5
Afuah A, Tucci CL. Internet business models and strategies. Text and cases. McGraw-Hill Higher Education; 2000.
6
Osterwalder A, Pigneur Y. Business model generation. Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons; 2010.
7
Osterwalder A. The business model ontology, a proposition in a design science approach, 2004.
8
Enki DG, Noufaily A, Garthwaite PH, Andrews NJ, Charlett A, Lane C, et al. Automated biosurveillance data from England and Wales, 1991-2011. Emerg Infect Dis. 2013 Jan;19(1):35-42.
9
Kammerer JS, Shang N, Althomsons SP, Haddad MB, Grant J, Navin TR. Using statistical methods and genotyping to detect tuberculosis outbreaks. Int J Health Geogr. 2013 Mar 16;12:15.
10
Mochalova A, Nanopoulos A. A targeted approach to viral marketing. Electronic Commerce Research and Applications. 2014;13(4):283-94.
11
Tang S. The analysis about the network expansion of enterprise viral marketing. J Manag Strategy. 2014;5(2):49-52.
12
Miyagawa S, Yamasaki S, Uchiyama E, Amoroso DL. Framework for information sharing with privacy and priority control in long-term care in Japan. Int
13
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Effect of Reengineering on the Information and Statistics Process in the Iran University of Medical Sciences
Introduction: Nowadays, organizations working in dynamic and competitive environments have to change their processes from both the inside and outside of the organization. One of the most effective strategies for monitoring and controlling these changes is re-engineering. This study aimed to refine the collection and classification process of data through re-engineering.
Methods: This study was done with an analytical-descriptive approach in 2012, in the Planning and Budget department of the Iran University of Medical Sciences. Data were collected by documents, interviews and observations. Three main process indicators include: number of activities, time, and costs of human resource. These were calculated and compared before and after the implementation of the reengineering. Data were analyzed using Microsoft Excel 2007.
Results: The current status of the process included 53 activities that reduced to 27 after reengineering. Total process time was reduced from 79 to 38 days and direct human costs decreased to about 15 million Rls. Thus, by the implementation of reengineering, the number of activities, time and costs were decreased to 49%, 52% and 54% respectively.
Conclusion: Based on the findings, re-engineering led to improvements of performance and saved resources. Therefore the use of this technique is recommended in order to have an improvement in different performances, increases satisfaction and saves resources.
https://www.ijtmgh.com/article_33299_c7ca851aead83c808b7a83563811ed39.pdf
2014-11-01
127
131
Reengineering
Process
Information
performance
Data Collection
Parisa
Mehdizadeh
1
Health Management Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Nooredin
Dopeykar
n.dopeykar@gmail.com
2
Health Management and Economics Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Mehdi
Ebrahimnia
m1349h@yahoo.com
3
Health Management Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Maryam
Yaghoubi
4
Health Management Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Mohammad
Meskarpour
5
Health Management Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Manaf
Abdi
6
Health Management Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Ajami S. A Survey of hospital information systems. Isfahan: Isfahan University of Medical Sciences; 2003. Persian.
1
Farzandipour M, Sadoughi F, Mediani Z. Hospital information systems user needs analysis: A vendor survey. J Health Informatic Develop Countries. 2011;5(1):147-54.
2
Murray CJ, Evans D. Health systems performance assessment. World Health Organization Geneva; 2006.
3
Austin CJ, Harvey WJ. Information systems for health services administration. Ann Arbor, Mich: Health Administration Press; 1988.
4
Cheng MY, Tsai HC, Lai YY. Construction management process reengineering performance measurements. Automation in Construction. 2009;18(2):183-93.
5
Changchien S, Shen HY. Supply chain reengineering using a core process analysis matrix and object-oriented simulation. Information & Management. 2002;39(5):345-58.
6
Souri H. Re-engineering the Iranian organizations. Tehran: Resa; 2007. Persian.
7
Imai M. Kaizen: Japanese competitive success [Salimy MH, trans]. 2nd ed. Tehran: Amir Kabir University; 1994. Persian.
8
Kordi M, Najfi N. Introduction of business process management. Scientific Communication. 2009;10(1):24-40. Persian.
9
Khon-Siavash M, Mohammadi M. An investigation of the challenges in implementing business process reengineering in governmental organization agencies. J Develop Evolution Manag. 2009:65-73. Persian.
10
Cycle Time Reduction and Process Improvement at an Electronics Equipment Manufacturer.2012. Available at: http://www.tefen.com/uploads/media/Cycle_Time_Reduction_and_Process_Improvement_at_an_Electronics_Equipment_Manufacturer.pdf. Accessed Dec 6, 2012.
11
Amiri M, Alinezhad A, Sheikhi H. Business Processes Reengineering Portfolio Selection. J Manag Studies Develop Evaluation. 2010;62(1-35). Persian.
12
Kermanshah A, Sepehri M. Strategic Management of Business Process Reengineering within Organizations. Sharif. 2006;34:31-42. Persian.
13
Abdi Malek-Abadi F. Business Process Reengineering. Tadbir. 1998;90:42-45. Persian.
14
Champy J, Cohen L. Reengineering Management. New York: Harper Business; 1995.
15
Nasirzadeh Q. Reengineering: Starting again. Tadbir. 1995;51:18-22. Persian.
16
Pesaran Qaderi M. Organizational improvement, introduction to optimizing of the supreme council administrative decisions. Zamineh. 1993; 28: 23-8. Persian.
17
Sarraf A. Implementation an appropriate Model for Process Reengineering. National Conference on the Iranian leadership and management challenges. Esfahan: Esfahan Azad University; 2010. Persian.
18
Yahyavi M. Achieving Customer Satisfaction by Re-engineering. J Manag Develop Process. 2001;52:39-52. Persian.
19
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Chronic Kidney Disease, Anxiety and Depression among American Blacks; Does Ethnicity Matter?
Introduction: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is known to be associated with deterioration of mental health. However, it is clear that this link is over and beyond the effects of socio-economic factors and other medical conditions. This study had two aims: 1) to compare the association between CKD and general anxiety disorder (GAD) among the two major ethnic groups of American Blacks (e.g. African Americans and Caribbean Blacks), and 2) to compare the association between CKD and major depressive episode (MDE) between African Americans and Caribbean Blacks.
Methods: We analyzed data from African Americans and Caribbean Blacks who participated in the National Survey of American Life (NSAL). Self-reported physician diagnosis of CKD was the independent variable. Outcomes were 12- month GAD and MDE measured by the World Mental Health Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI), a fully structured diagnostic interview. Ethnic-specific logistic regressions were used to determine the associations between CKD and 12- month GAD and MDE, after controlling for the effects of age, sex, educational level, and 13 other medical conditions.
Results: Although CKD was positively associated with GAD and MDE in bivariate analysis, this association did not remain statistically significant in the multivariate analysis which controlled for socio-economic factors and other medical conditions. The study suggested that the main confounders for the association between CKD, GAD, and MDE vary based on ethnicity. For instance, the chronic medical condition that may play the role of confounder for the association between CKD and 12-month GAD among African Americans and Caribbean Blacks might be hypertension and heart disease, respectively.
Conclusion: Possible confounders of the associations between CKD and GAD and MDE among American Blacks vary by ethnicity. Further research is needed to determine the links between different types of CKD and poor mental health among American Blacks. Consideration of ethnicity might be important in evaluation and treatment of mental health problems among Black patients with CKD.
https://www.ijtmgh.com/article_33300_7b2f86ce992eb9ac62b642cd1e080157.pdf
2014-11-01
133
139
Anxiety
depression
Chronic kidney disease
American Blacks
Ethnic Groups
Shervin
Assari
assari@umich.edu
1
Department of Psychiatry, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
LEAD_AUTHOR
Livingston IL. (Ed.). Handbook of Black American Health: The Mosaic of Conditions, Issues, Policies, and Prospects. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press; 1994.
1
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Healthy People: National Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Objectives. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1991.
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Wolinsky FD, BE. Aguirre, L. Fann, V.M. Keith, C.L. Arnold, J.C. Niederhauer, and K. Dietrich. Ethnic Differences in the Demand for Physician and Hospital Utilization among Older Adults in Major American Cities: Conspicuous Evidence of Considerable Inequalities. Milbank Quarterly. 1989;67:412-49.
3
Williams DR, González HM, Neighbors H, Nesse R, Abelson JM, Sweetman J, Jackson JS. Prevalence and distribution of major depressive disorder in African Americans, Caribbean blacks, and non-Hispanic whites: results from the National Survey of American Life. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2007;64(3):305-15.
4
Jackson JS, Knight KM, Rafferty JA. Race and unhealthy behaviors: chronic stress, the HPA axis, and physical and mental health disparities over the life course. Am J Public Health. 2010;100(5):933-9.
5
Kimmel PL, Peterson RA, Weihs KL, Simmens SJ, Alleyne S, Cruz I, Veis JH. Psychosocial factors, behavioral compliance and survival in urban hemodialysis patients. Kidney Int. 1998;54(1):245-54.
6
Hedayati SS, Jiang W, O'Connor CM, Kuchibhatla M, Krishnan KR, Cuffe MS, Blazing MA, Szczech LA. The association between depression and chronic kidney disease and mortality among patients hospitalized with congestive heart failure. Am J Kidney Dis. 2004;44(2):207-15.
7
Fabrazzo M, De Santo RM. Depression in chronic kidney disease. Semin Nephrol. 2006;26(1):56-60.
8
Kimmel PL, Peterson RA. Depression in end-stage renal disease patients treated with hemodialysis: tools, correlates, outcomes, and needs. Semin Dial. 2005;18(2):91-7.
9
Abbas Tavallaii S, Ebrahimnia M, Shamspour N, Assari S. Effect of depression on health care utilization in patients with end-stage renal disease treated with hemodialysis. Eur J Intern Med. 2009;20(4):411-4.
10
Kachuee H, Ameli J, Taheri S, Assari S, Riahipour F, Khedmat H, Saadat AR. Sleep quality and its correlates in renal transplant patients. Transplant Proc. 2007;39(4):1095-7.
11
Fathi-Ashtiani A, Karami GR, Einollahi B, Assari S, Aghanasiri F, Najafi M, Nemati E. Marital quality in kidney transplant recipients: easy to predict, hard to neglect. Transplant Proc. 2007;39(4):1085-7.
12
Khedmat H, Karami GR, Pourfarziani V, Assari S, Rezailashkajani M, Naghizadeh MM. A logistic regression model for predicting health-related quality of life in kidney transplant recipients. Transplant Proc. 2007;39(4):917-22.
13
Kimmel PL, Peterson RA, Weihs KL, Simmens SJ, Alleyne S, Cruz I, Veis JH. Multiple measurements of depression predict mortality in a longitudinal study of chronic hemodialysis outpatients. Kidney Int. 2000;57(5):2093-8.
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Farrokhi F, Abedi N, Beyene J3, Kurdyak P4, Jassal SV. Association between depression and mortality in patients receiving long-term dialysis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Kidney Dis. 2014;63(4):623-35.
15
Noohi S, Khaghani-Zadeh M, Javadipour M, Assari S, Najafi M, Ebrahiminia M, Pourfarziani V. Anxiety and depression are correlated with higher morbidity after kidney transplantation. Transplant Proc. 2007;39(4):1074-8.
16
Bayat N, Alishiri GH, Salimzadeh A, Izadi M, Kazemi Saleh D, Moghani Lankarani M, Assari S Symptoms of anxiety and depression: A comparison among patients with different chronic conditions J Res Med Sci 2011; 16(11): 1441-1447
17
Kimmel PL. Depression in patients with chronic renal disease: what we know and what we need to know. J Psychosom Res. 2002;53(4):951-6.
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Kessler RC, Berglund P, Demler O, Jin R, Merikangas KR, Walters EE. Lifetime prevalence and age-of-onset distributions of DSM-IV disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. Archives of General Psychiatry 2005;62:593-602.
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Kessler RC, Chiu WT, Demler O, Walters EE. Prevalence, severity, and comorbidity of 12 month DSM-IV disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. Archives of General Psychiatry 2005;62:617-27.
20
Takeuchi DT, Zane N, Hong S, Chae DH, Gong F, Gee GC, Walton E, Sue S, Alegria M. Immigration-related factors and mental disorder among Asian Americans. American Journal of Public Health 2007;97:84-90.
21
Alegria M, Mulvaney-Day N, Torres M, Polo A, Cao Z, Canino G. Prevalence of psychiatric disorders across Latino subgroups in the United States. American Journal of Public Health 2007;97:68-75.
22
Assari S. Additive effects of anxiety and depression on body mass index among blacks: role of ethnicity and gender. Int Cardiovasc Res J. 2014;8(2):44-51.
23
Assari S. Chronic Medical Conditions and Major Depressive Disorder: Differential Role of Positive Religious Coping among African Americans, Caribbean Blacks and Non-Hispanic Whites. Int J Prev Med. 2014;5(4):405-13.
24
Assari S. Separate and Combined Effects of Anxiety, Depression and Problem Drinking on Subjective Health among Black, Hispanic and Non-Hispanic White Men. Int J Prev Med. 2014;5(3):269-79.
25
Assari S, Lankarani MM, Lankarani RM. Ethnicity modifies the additive effects of anxiety and drug use disorders on suicidal ideation among black adults in the United States. Int J Prev Med. 2013;4(11):1251-7.
26
Assari S. Race and ethnicity, religion involvement, church-based social support and subjective health in United States: A case of moderated mediation. Int J Prev Med. 2013;4(2):208-17.
27
Jackson JS, Neighbors HW, Nesse RM, Trierweiler SJ, Torres M. Methodological innovations in the National Survey of American Life. International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research. 2004;13:289-98.
28
Jackson JS, Torres M, Caldwell CH, Neighbors HW, Nesse RM, Taylor RJ, Trierweiler SJ. Williams DR. The National Survey of American Life: A study of racial, ethnic, and cultural influences on mental disorders and mental health. Int J Methods in Psychiatric Research. 2004;13:196-207.
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Kessler RC, Andrews G, Mroczek D, Ustun B, Wittchen H. The World Health Organization Composite International Diagnostic Interview Short Form (CIDI-SF). Int J Methods in Psychiatric Research. 1998;7:171-85.
31
Verhaak PF, Heijmans MJ, Peters L, Rijken M. Chronic disease and mental disorder. Soc Sci Med. 2005;60(4):789-97.
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Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services How Healthy Are Medicare Beneficiaries?. Detailed tables from the Medicare Current Beneficiary Survey. 2003;Chapter 3.2. Available at: http://www.cms.hhs.gov/mcbs/downloads/HHC2003section2.pdf
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Abram HS. Basic Psychiatry for the Primary Care Physician. 291 PP. Little, Brown and Company, Boston, 1976. 12.50. ISBN 0-316- 00465-0
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35
Ferraro KF. Farmer M. Double Jeopardy in Health Hypothesis for African Americans: Analysis and Critique. J Health Social Behavior. 1996;51B(6);S319-28.
36
Assari S. Moghani Lankarani M. Race and Ethnic Differences in the Associations between Cardiovascular Diseases, Anxiety, and Depression in the United States. Int J Travel Med Glob Health 2014;2(3):103-9.
37
Assari S. Association between obesity and depression among American Blacks: Role of ethnicity and gender. J Racial Ethnic Health Dispar. 2014 DOI; 10.1007/s40615-014-0007-5.
38
Assari S. Race and ethnic differences in associations between cardiovascular diseases, anxiety, and depression in the United States. Int J Travel Med Glob Health. 2014;2(3):103-9.
39
Assari S. Synergistic Effects of Lifetime Psychiatric Disorders on Suicidal Ideation Among Blacks in the USA. J Racial Ethnic Health Disparities. 2014:1(1):1-8.
40
Assari S. Cross-country variation in additive effects of socio-economics, health behaviors, and comorbidities on subjective health of patients with diabetes. J Diabetes Metab Disord. 2014;21;13(1):36.
41
Assari S, Lankarani RM, Lankarani MM. Cross-country differences in the association between diabetes and disability. J Diabetes Metab Disord. 2014;13(1):3.
42
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67
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68
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Association between Heart Disease and Subjective Health in Ten North, Middle, and South American Countries
Introduction: This study was conducted to compare 10 American countries for the association between self-reported physician diagnosis of heart disease and subjective health above and beyond the effect of socio-economic factors.
Methods: With a cross-sectional design, this study used data from Research on Early Life and Aging Trends and Effects (RELATE). The study included adults from 10 American countries including Costa Rica, Puerto Rico, United States, Mexico, Argentina, Barbados, Brazil, Chile, Cuba, and Uruguay. Outcome was self-rated health, independent variable was self-reported physician diagnosis of heart disease, while age, gender, and socio-economics (education and income) were control variables. Country-specific logistic regressions were used for data analysis.
Results: Although the effects of age, gender, education, and income, were inconsistent, with no exception, in all countries, heart disease was associated with poor subjective health. In Costa Rica, income modified the effect of heart disease on subjective health. In the US, age and gender modified the effect of heart disease on subjective health.
Conclusion: Although the effect of heart disease on well-being was consistent across all north American countries, this effect seemed to depend on various demographic and socio-economic factors in various countries.
https://www.ijtmgh.com/article_33301_3adf2ffa74272291757f2260bb3e8381.pdf
2014-11-01
141
147
Cross-Country Study
Well-Being
Socio-economic status
Heart Diseases
Shervin
Assari
assari@umich.edu
1
Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
LEAD_AUTHOR
Maryam
Moghani Lankarani
2
Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
AUTHOR
Dunderdale K, Thompson DR, Miles JN, Beer SF, Furze G. Quality-of-life measurement in chronic heart failure: do we take account of the patient perspective?. Eur J Heart Fail. 2005 Jun;7(4):572-82.
1
Dempster M, Donnelly M. Measuring the health related quality of life of people with ischemic heart disease. Heart. 2000 Jun;83(6):641-4.
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59
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Formulating Strategic Plan of Medical Tourism Development
Introduction: Medical tourism is the travel of patients to outside the area of life to benefit from hospitals and medical services or some particular treatment or periodic test of physical conditions. This study has been done with the purpose of formulating a strategic plan of medical tourism development of Ahwaz city.
Methods: The method of this research is a descriptive-analytical one that has been done by using a field of work and strategic planning methods for performing a backup analysis and delivering policies and strategies.
Results: The results of the research indicates 16 strength points against 12 weakness points that results in earning the final score of 2.44 from the internal factors. Also, the numbers of 10 opportunities again 10 threats are recognized in related to medical tourism development of Ahwaz city. This has eventually leaded into earning a total final score of 2.8 from the external factors for medical tourism development of Ahwaz city.
Conclusion: The results of applying the strategic planning method indicated that the city of this case study is having relatively higher opportunities and strengths in compared to the weakness points and external threats for the development of medical tourism. Thus, growth Strategies (SO) have been considered as a priority for the development of this part. Also, studies show that the lack of adequate and sufficient publicity and problems in the exportation of visa and also the lack of planning and cooperation and coordination in between the parts related to the absorption of medical tourism are problems that must be solved.
https://www.ijtmgh.com/article_33302_7c95f8bfe063e5754b75665b766cab21.pdf
2014-11-01
149
154
Strategies Planning (SWOT)
Medical tourism
Ahwaz
Sirous
Ghanbari
1
Department of Geography, School of Geography and Environmental Planning, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran
AUTHOR
Ali
Hajinejad
2
Department of Geography, School of Geography and Environmental Planning, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran
AUTHOR
Paeiz
Rahmani
paeizrahmani@yahoo.com
3
Department of Geography, School of Geography and Environmental Planning, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Aniza I, Aidalina M, Nirmalini R, Inggit M, Ajeng T. Health tourism in Malaysia: the strength and weaknesses. J Community Health. 2009;15(1):7-15.
1
Helble M. The movement of patients across borders: challenges and opportunities for public health. Bull World Health Organ. 2011 Jan 1;89(1):68-72.
2
Hajinejad A, Eslamfard F. Formulating Strategies for the Development of Treatment Tourism in Shiraz (Iran) Using a Strategic Planning Approach (SWOT). Journal of Rafsenjan University of Medical Sciences. 2013;12(8):641-54. Persian.
3
Spasojevic M, Vukasin S. Modern medical tourism as a market niche of health tourism, Economics and Organization. 2010;7(2):201-8.
4
Bayati S, Haghshenas M, Esmaeili T, Abhari S. Consideration the place of Iran in attraction of medical tourism in compared to the Persian Gulf Countries. The First International Conference on Tourism Management and Sustanible Development (TMSD). Marvdasht Fars Iran, 2011. Persian.
5
Pocock NS, Phua KH. Medical tourism and policy implications for health systems: a conceptual framework from a comparative study of Thailand Singapore and Malaysia. Global Health. 2011 May 4;7:12.
6
Heung V, Kucukusta D, Song H. Medical tourism development in Hong Kong: An assessment of the barriers. Tourism Manag. 2011;32(5):995-1005.
7
Courtney L, Valverde L. Potential impacts of medical tourism on health care in Costa Rica. Institute de Investigations Socials. Universiade de Costa Rica, 2010. P.1-10.
8
Documentation existing in Ministry of Health and Medical Education. Tehran: Cultural Heritage Organization; 2008. Persian.
9
Jabbari A. Designing the pattern of medical tourism in Iran. Thesis. Tehran: College of Medical Information and Management, Iran University of Medical Sciences; 2008.
10
Monazam K. Reports of studying the existing literature and experiences of other Countries about medical tourism and presentation the strategic for country. Tehran: Researches Center of Parliament, Office of Social Studies; 2009.
11
Ferdosi M, Jabbari A, Keyvanara M, Agharahimi Z. A systematic review of publications studies on medical tourismy. J Educ Health Promot. 2013; 2: 51.
12
Laing J, Wray M, Brown G, Howat G, Weiler B, Trembath R. Health tourism in Australia: Supply, demand and opportunities. CRC for Sustainable Tourism; 2010.
13
Chun AC. Using DEMATEL method for medical tourism development in Taiwan. Am J Tourism Research. 2012;1(1):26-32.
14
Crooks VA, Turner L, Snyder J, Johnston R, Kingsbury P. Promoting medical tourism to India: messages, images, and the marketing of international patient travel. Soc Sci Med. 2011 Mar;72(5):726-32.
15
Theofanides F, Papanikolaou V. Exploring and exploiting medical tourism opportunities in Greece. 2nd Advances in Hospitality and Tourism Marketing & Management Conference, Corfu, Greece, 31st of May to the 3rd of June 2012. Available at SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=2091001
16
Liu I, Chen CC. Cultural Issues in Medical Tourism. Am J Tourism Research. 2013;2(1):78-83.
17
Borojeni H, Shlbafian A. Applying SWOT in analysis of medical tourism (case study: Islamic Republic of Iran). Tehran: Central of Science Cultural Tourism of Iran Students; 2011. Persian.
18
Neil L. Medical tourism: Treatments, markets and health system implications: A scoping review. OECD: Directorate for Employment, Labour and Social Affairs; 2012. P.18.
19
Mousavi M. Application model in geography with emphasis on urban and regional planning. Tehran: Publisher by Science and Religion; 2006. Persian.
20
Yaghfori H, Eslamfard F. Consideration of flower tourism development in fars province with emphasized on Nargeszar of Kazeroun used by SWOT. International Congress of Tourism Development. Fars. Marvdasht, 2011. Persian.
21
Tourism New Zealand. Tourism New zealand Three Year Marketing Strategy FY 2014 – FY 2016, 2013.
22
Janson Y, Sim S, Nelson N. Medical tourism: The Asian chapter. Available at: at:Http://www.healthtourisminasia.com. 2008. Accessed 27 June.
23
Mohammadipoor F, Rahimikia A. Medical Tourism: Emerging phenomenon in healthcare. Conferences of Natural Geography Application in Environmental Planning. Khorramabad Azad University, 2010. Persian.
24
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Surveying the Factors Affecting the Selection of Hospitals by Medical Tourists
Introduction: Medical tourism is one of the branches of health tourism and has been an important issue in many developed countries during the past few years. This research has aimed to study the factors affecting the selection of the hospitals of Tehran by the medical tourists who had chosen Iran’s capital city for their treatment.
Methods: The present study is a descriptive inferential cross sectional study which was conducted in the summer season of 2014 in the Tehran’s hospitals. The study population included all the reachable medical tourists who had come to the hospitals of Tehran for their treatment during the summer season of 2014. The sample of the interview section included 10-15 experts who were randomly chosen to be interviewed. The sample of the questionnaire section included 50 medical tourists who had come to Tehran’s hospitals for their treatment during the summer season of 2014 (reachable sample). The data of the present study was analyzed by the SPSS software version 20.
Results: According to the results of this study it is clear that famous and reliable physicians and also low health service costs are the two most important factors attracting medical tourists to the hospitals of Tehran. Also, the location of the hospitals have proven to be acceptable for the patients. On the other hand, factors which are related to promotion and the physical evidence of hospitals were not in an acceptable condition.
Conclusion: Despite having famous and reliable physicians and low health service costs in Iran, it can be said that there are still many factors such as better marketing and advertisement, international standardizations and developing recreational centers that need to be focused on, in order to gain the well-earned international position in the medical tourism industry.
https://www.ijtmgh.com/article_33303_d7572acdc0b616b74893ab442b3231f6.pdf
2014-11-01
155
158
Travel
Medical tourism
Hospitals
Morteza
Izadi
morteza_izadi@yahoo.com
1
Health Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Mohsen
Torabian
2
Department of Mathematics, Takestan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Takestan, Iran
AUTHOR
Zahra
Farhangi
za_farhangi89@yahoo.com
3
Department of Tourism Management, Faculty of Management, University of Allameh Qazvini, Qazvin, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Jabbari A. Designing a model for Iran medical tourism. [Thesis]. Tehran: School of Management and Medical Information, Iran University Medical Sciences; 2009. Persian.
1
Izadi M, Ayoobian A, Nasiri T, Joneidi N, Fazel M, Hoseinpourfard M. Situation of health tourism in Iran; opportunity or threat. J of Mil Med. 2012;14(2):69-75.
2
Bookman MZ, Bookman KR. Medical tourism in developing countries. New York: Palgrave MacMillian; 2007.
3
Lunt N, Carrera P. Medical tourism: Assessing the evidence on treatment abroad. Maturitas. 2010;66(1):27-32.
4
Carrera P, Bridges J. Globalization and healthcare: understanding health and medical tourism. Expert Review of Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research. 2006;6(Suppl4):447-54.
5
Ayoubian A, Tourani S, Hashemidehaghi Z. Medical Tourism Attraction of Tehran Hospitals. Int J Travel Med Glob Health. 2013;1(2):95-8.
6
Medical Torism:Aglobal Analysis. Ireland: ATLAS; 2006.
7
Ramirez de Arellano A. Patients without borders: the International Journal of Health Services: Planning, Administration, Evaluation, 2007; 37(1):193-8.
8
Jenner, E.A. Unsettled borders of care: medical tourism as a new dimension in America’s health care crisis Care for Major Health Problems and Population Health Concerns: Impacts on Patients, Providers and Policy .Emerald Group Publishing Limited. 2008; 26: 235-249
9
Shafaghat T, Jabbari A, Kavoosi Z, Ayoubian A, Rahimi Zarchi M. The Capabilities of Iranian Hospitals inAttracting Medical Tourists; Based on Joint commission International: A Case Study of Shiraz Hospitals. Int J Travel Med Glob Health. 2014;2(1)5-9.
10
Khodayari R. Readiness of Hospitals of Tehran University of Medical Science to Attract Medical Tourists base on International Joint Commission Standards. [Thesis]. Tehran: School of Management and Medical Information, Tehran University of Medical Science; 2010. Persian.
11
Lagiewsky M, Rick R. Medical tourism: Perspectives and applications for destination development. American Collage of Management and Technology. Dubrovnik, Croatia, 2008.
12
Gholami S. Investigate ways to improve Iran's position in the market for health services and medical tourism attraction [Thesis]. Tehran: School of Management, Tarbiat Modares University; 2010. Persian.
13
Terms and Conditions of Service Centers in Health Tourism, Office of Legal Affairs, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, 2009. Persian.
14
Nasiripour AM, Salmani L. Ability of hospitals in Tehran to development of medical tourism. Hospital J. 2010;9(3,4):57-68. Persian.
15